Exercício Aeróbio e Função Cardíaca de Murinos Expostos à Doxorrubicina: uma Metanálise / Aerobic Exercise and Cardiac Function of Murines Exposed to Doxorubicin: a Meta-Analysis

Resumo Fundamento: A cardiotoxicidade pode ser uma consequência do tratamento com doxorrubicina (DOX). Objetivos: Verificar o efeito do exercício aeróbio na prevenção da disfunção cardíaca de murinos expostos à DOX. Método: Uma busca abrangente foi realizada em nove bases de dados, em dezembro de 2017. Estudos que avaliaram a função cardíaca de murinos expostos à DOX foram incluídos. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: Na comparação entre 230 murinos submetidos a exercício aeróbio mais DOX e 222 controles (tratados somente com DOX), a fração de encurtamento mostrou uma melhora de 5,33% a favor do grupo experimental (p = 0,0001). A pressão desenvolvida no ventrículo esquerdo também mostrou um aumento de 24,84 mmHg a favor do grupo de 153 murinos que realizaram exercício em comparação com o grupo controle de 166 murinos (p = 0,00001). Conclusão: Estudos pré-clínicos incluídos nesta metanálise indicaram que o exercício é uma boa estratégia não farmacológica para preservar a função cardíaca pós-DOX.

Abstract Background: Cardiotoxicity may be a consequence of treatments with doxorubicin (DOX). Objectives: To investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on the prevention of cardiac dysfunction in murines exposed to DOX. Method: A comprehensive search was conducted in 9 databases in December 2017. Studies that evaluated the cardiac function of murines exposed to DOX were included. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: In a comparison between 230 murines that underwent aerobic exercise plus DOX treatment and 222 control murines (DOX treatment only), fractional shortening showed an improvement of 5.33% in favor of the experimental group (p = 0.00001). Left ventricle developed pressure also showed an increase of 24.84 mm Hg in favor of the group of 153 murines that performed exercise in comparison to the control group of 166 murines (p = 0.00001). Conclusion: Preclinical studies included in this meta-analysis indicated that exercise is a good nonpharmacological strategy for preserving post-DOX cardiac function.

The relationship between fleas density of Spermophilus alaschanicue and host density and meteorological factors / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between fleas density of Spermophilus alaschanicue and host density as well as meteorological factors.Methods The densities of fleas of Spermophilus alaschanicue and meteorological temperature,precipitation,relative humidity data in the same period from 1977 to 2014 in plague natural foci of Spermophilus alaschanicue of Gansu Province were collected.In order to further establish the multiple linear regression and the stepwise regression analysis model,SAS 9.3 software was used to explore the linear correlation analysis between fleas index number,density of Spermophilus alaschanicue and meteorological factors.Results The average body flea index positively correlated with the density of Spermophilus alaschanicue (r =0.34,P ＜ 0.05),in addition,hole fleas index was in negative correlation with the average temperature of the current and preceding first,second and third years (r =-0.44,-0.39,-0.45,-0.54,P ＜ 0.01).However,hole fleas index positively correlated with the average rainfall of preceding first year (r =0.38,P ＜ 0.05).More specifically,the monthly body flea index was negatively correlated with the average rainfall and the average temperature of current,preceding first,second,and third months,and the average relative humidity of current month (r =-0.23,-0.34,-0.43,-0.29,-0.25,-0.33,-0.36,-0.38,-0.26,P ＜ 0.01).After multiple linear regression analysis,the following equations were obtained:body fleas index =3.983 1 + 0.695 1 × Sperrnophilus density-0.004 9 × average annual rainfall;hole fleas index =10.780 4 + 0.009 1 × average annual rainfall-0.216 2 × annual average relative humidity.Conclusions The relationship between fleas density of Spermophilus alaschanicue and the environment is complex,they have mutual connection as well as mutual restriction.Except Spermophilus density affects the number of fleas,the two most important meteorological factors which affect the flea body index are temperature and rainfall.In addition,the relationship between meteorological factors and flea body index shows somewhat lagging behind for two to three months.

Lumbosacral plexus of the mongolian gerbil(Meriones unguiculatus Milne-Edwards, 1867) / Plexo lombossacral do gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus Milne-Edwards, 1867)

The Mongolian gerbil, belonging to the Muridae family, is characterized as an economic asset in the pet market due to its easy management. Current research analyzes and describes the origin of the nerves that make up the lumbosacral plexus in the species, foregrounding comparative anatomy, especially among wild rodents. The experiment, approved by the Committee of Institutional Bioethics, involved 15 animals which had been used in other studies and were donated to the Laboratory of Applied Animal Morphophysiology of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The animals were fixed in a water solution of formaldehyde 10%. After 72 hours, they were dissected, the abdominal cavity was opened and eviscerated, and the psoas minor, psoas major and the quadratus lumborum muscles were removed to inspect the nerves that form the lumbosacral plexus. Results were given in percentages and grouped in tables. The lumbosacral plexus of the Mongolian gerbil frequently derived from the ventral roots of the last thorax nerves, from the seven lumbar nerves and from the four sacral nerves (Type II ­ T12-S4). The nerves of the gerbil´s lumbosacral plexus are the iliohypogastricus, ilioinguinalis, cutaneus femoris lateralis, genitofemoralis, femoralis, obturatorius, ischiadicus, gluteus cranialis, pudendus, gluteus caudalis and rectales caudales nerves. Information on the origin of the nerves of the gerbil´s lumbosacral plexus and their description is relevant for clinical and surgical studies, and for the application of techniques or anesthetic drugs.

O esquilo da Mongólia é um roedor pertencente à família Muridae, caracterizado por seu interesse econômico no mercado pet e por ser de fácil manejo. Esta pesquisa analisa e descreve a origem dos nervos que formam o plexo lombossacral da espécie. No experimento foram utilizados 15 animais, provenientes de outros estudos aprovados pelo Comitê de Bioética Institucional, que foram doados ao Laboratório de Morfofisiologia Animal Aplicada da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte. Os animais foram fixados em solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10%. Após 72 horas, os animais foram dissecados, realizando-se a abertura da cavidade abdominal, depois, eviscerados e em seguida, os músculos psoas maior, psoas menor e quadrado lombar foram removidos para visualização dos nervos que formam o plexo lombossacral. Os resultados foram expressos em percentagens e agrupados em tabelas. O plexo lombossacral do gerbil originou-se mais frequentemente das raízes ventrais do último nervo torácico, dos sete nervos lombares e dos quatro nervos sacrais (Tipo II ­ T12-S4). Os nervos que formaram o plexo lombossacral do gerbil foram: ílio-hipogástrico, ílioinguinal, cutâneo femoral lateral, genitofemoral, femoral, obturatório, isquiático, glúteo cranial, pudendo, glúteo caudal, e nervo retal caudal. O conhecimento sobre a origem e os nervos do plexo lombossacral no gerbil mostra-se útil para estudos clínico-cirúrgicos e aplicação de técnicas ou fármacos anestésicos.

Clinical observation of the effect of mouse nerve growth factor on anterior ischemic optic neuropathy / 天津医药

Objective To observe curative effect of the rat nerve growth factor (NGF) treatment on anterior ischemic op?tic neuropathy(AION). Methods Patients with AION (n=78) were randomly divided into mouse NGF treatment group (treatment group):39 cases (39 eyes) and conventional treatment group (control group):37 cases (37 eyes). Patients in control group were given Actovegin 1.2 g intravenously, once a day while patients in treatment group were given 18μg mouse NGF once a day. Milton insurable were given orally at 0.5 mg, 3 times per day at both groups. Dexamethasone of 3 mg were given retrobulbarly once a day upon onset of symptoms and the extend of edema for 3 to 5 days. Rat nerve growth factor were given for consecutive14 days as a period of treatment, and the curative effect was observed after 28 days of treatment. Results In the treatment group:treatments were obviously effective in 28 eyes (71.79%), effective in 7 eyes (17.95%) and ineffective in 4 eyes (10.26%), so the total effective rate was 89.74%; In control group: treatments were obviously effective in 11 eyes (29.73%), effective in 15 eyes (40.54%) and ineffective in 11 eyes (29.73%), so the total effective rate was 70.27%. Curative effects in these 2 groups were of statistical significance (Z=3.552, P<0.05). Vision acuity and average light sensitivity in vi?sual field are better in treatment group than those control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Mouse NGF is effective in the treat?ment of AION and can improve vision acuity and visual field, therefore is worth promoting.

Reconstruction of hair follicles in mice: a pilot study / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To reconstitute hair follicles in mice using graft chambers,and to study the effect of different cell types on hair follicle regeneration.Methods Full-thickness skin was obtained from the back of C57BL/6 neonatal mice.Then,epidermal cell suspensions were prepared by shredding epidermis after trypsinization,hair follicles and dermal cells were collected by filtration,low-speed centrifugation and density gradient centrifugation,and hair follicle epithelial cells were obtained via trypsinization of hair follicles followed by filtration.Nude mice were classified into four groups to be transplanted with epidermal cells + follicular buds,dermal cells alone,epidermal cells + follicular buds + dermal cells,follicular epithelial cells + dermal cells,respectively.The cells were implanted into the dorsal skin of nude mice using fold chambers.After the grafting,the growth of skin and hairs was observed at the grafted sites on week 1,2,4 and 8,and skin specimens were obtained on week 2,4,and 8 for histological study of hair follicles using hematoxylin-eosin staining.Results After grafting,the chambers on the back of nude mice began to shed with crust formation on week 1; stunted hairs came out and follicle-like structures were seen under the microscope on week 2 at the grafted sites,normal hairs were observed on week 4 and 8 in all the mice except for those transplanted with epidermal cells + follicular buds,and the growth of hairs in mice grafted with epidermal cells + follicular buds + dermal cells and mice grafted with follicular epithelial cells +dermal cells was superior to that in mice grafted with dermal cells alone.Conclusions Hair follicles can regenerate after hair follicle cell transplantation into dorsal chambers in nude mice.Both epidermal cells and dermal cells play indispensable roles in hair follicle reconstitution.

Effects of L.Lactis recombinant heme oxygenase-1 gene on the intestinal barrier and blood-gas analysis in rats with hemorrhagic shock / 中国基层医药

Objective To study the protection mechanism of HO-1 with the gas-blood analysis and MAP of femoral artery in rats with hemorrhagic shock.Methods A model of hemorrhagic shock was established in 20 SD healthy clean male rats.The rats were randomly divided into the L.Lactis recombinant HO-1 gene group (HO group)and phosphate buffer solution group (PBS group).The gas-blood analysis and MAP of femoral artery in hemorrhagic shock were compared during the test.The mortality rate,MPO activity,bacterial translocation,the pathologic and content of HO-1,TNF-α and IL-10 in the low intestine were detected and compared 1h after resuscitation.Results Compared to PBS group,the mortality rate,Chiu's grade,bacterial translocation and MPO activity in HO group were significantly decreased[10％ vs40％,(1.51 ±0.23) points vs(2.15 ±0.48) points,44.4％ vs 100.0％,(0.16 ±0.05)U/g vs (0.99 ± 0.28)U/g,all P ＜0.05],PaO2 and MAP during the resuscitation,the content of HO-1 and the gray level of IL-10 were significantly increased.Conclusion L Lactis recombinant HO-1 gene has the virtue to maintain the higher level of PaO2 and MAP,which is beneficial to the intestine mucosa barrier and anti-inflammation response of low intestine significantly.

Modelos murinos para pesquisas em asma: uma análise crítica atualizada / Murine models for asthma research: An updated critical analysis

Objetivos: discutir as vantagens e limitações de pesquisas com modelos murinos em asma e suas aplicações mais imediatas.Fonte de Dados: foi realizada revisão da literatura no PubMed. Os descritores utilizados foram: mice, asthma, animal model e murine model. Síntese dos Dados: modelos experimentais murinos têm sido muito utilizados para elucidar a fisiopatogenia da asma brônquica e para avaliar novos alvos terapêuticos. Diversas críticas surgiram nos últimos anos em relação aos modelos utilizados. Os modelos animais diferem bastante da asma em humanos, particularmente em relação à utilização de adjuvante, via de administração e dose dos alergenos, além do tipo de resposta inflamatória pulmonar.Conclusões: novos modelos experimentais devem reproduzir da forma mais próxima possível as características da asma em humanos. Embora o modelo murino apresente inúmeras vantagens em relação a outros modelos animais, as limitações inerentes a esse tipo de estudo devem ser levadas em consideração no momento da extrapolação dos resultados para a doença em humanos.

Aims: To discuss the advantages and limitations of studies using murine models in asthma and the most immediate applications. Source of Data: A review of the literature using PubMed database was performed. The keywords used were: mice, asthma, animal model and murine model. Summary of Findings: Experimental models have been used to elucidate the pathophysiology of asthma and to evaluate new therapeutic targets. Several limitations related to the models currently used have emerged in recent years. Animal models are very different from the human asthma, particularly regarding to the use of adjuvant, administration route, dose of allergen and the type of pulmonary inflammatory response. Conclusions: New experimental models must reproduce the characteristics of human asthma as close as possible. Although murine models show several advantages in relation to other animals, the inherent limitations of this type of study must be considered before the extrapolation of results to human pathology.

Effects of the Three Gorges project and change of water level on local mouse density / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To study the impacts of the Three Gorges dam and change of water level on the survival of the local rodents, and to provide scientific basis to control the outbreak of rodent-borne diseases.Methods Four villages located around the Three Gorges dam were selected in the study. The mouse populations by using Elton night trapping method was monitored. Metallic spring traps were set for two consecutive nights. The mouse density and identified the mouse species was calculated. The mouse species indoor and outdoor, as well as the mouse density indoor and outdoor were compared. The impacts of water level in the dam and cleaning work on local mouse density were also analyzed. Results A total of 678 mice were caught in this study, 517 were caught indoor and 161 outdoor. Indoor dominant species was flavipectus; accounting for 36.49%(189/517), while outdoor was apodemus, reaching 56.88% (91/161). For mouse species, there was a significant difference between indoor and outdoor(x2 = 678.00, P ＜ 0.01 ). The average mouse density was 8.44%(678/8036) in trap nights. Indoor mouse density reached 14.44%(517/3581 ), which was significantly higher than that of outdoor(3.61%, 161/4455 ).For mouse density, there was a significant difference between indoor and outdoor(x2 = 301.04, P ＜ 0.01 ). When the water level was up to 156 m, mouse density reached 10%(513/5132), which was higher than that of before (5.68%, 165/2904). There was a significant difference in mouse density before and after reserving water (x2 = 44.68, P ＜ 0.01 ). With the change of water level, upstream mouse density formed a high platform from May 2007 to May 2008, followed by 12.25%(80/653), 13.16%(90/684), 12.95%(90/695), and decreased to 8.38%(28/334) after cleaning of the dam. Conclusions The Three Gorges dam and change of water level actually alter the survival environment of the local mouse, and affect local mouse density and mouse species. These may lead to local outbreak or epidemic of rodent-borne diseases.

Population dynamics of the rat Microryzomys minutus (Rodentia: Muridae) in the Venezuelan Andes

The population dynamics of the small forest rice rat Microryzomys minutus, a murid rodent that occurs in the high altitudes of the northern and central Andes, was studied in disturbed and primary environments in a cloud forest of the Venezuelan Andes (Juan Pablo Peñaloza National Park, 8 degrees 11'N, 71 degrees 49'W). We collected 121 animals (66 female female and 55 male male) between 1995 and 1998, using pitfall traps with formalin. Adult males were heavier than adult females. Relative abundance was much greater in the disturbed environments (over 10 individuals in some periods) than in the primary cloud forest: 4-8 individuals. In the disturbed environments, the rats were extremely abundant in the first sampling period, and less frequent afterwards. In the cropland, abundance showed some fluctuations during the study and displayed two small abundance peaks in March-June 1997 and 1998. In the mined area, the rats had irregular fluctuations until March-June 1997 and were not recorded in July-October 1997. The occurrence of this rat in both disturbed and natural habitats confirms the wide ecological tolerance of this species.

Se analizó la dinámica poblacional de las pequeñas ratas silvestres del arroz Microryzomys minutus en ambientes alterados y primarios, en un bosque nublado de los Andes venezolanos. El estudio fue basado en 121 animales(66 [hembra hembra] y 55 [macho macho] ) recolectados entre 1995 y 1998, usando trampas que contenían formalina. Esta especie está presente en ambos hábitats lo que confirma su ampliatolerancia ecológica. La abundancia poblacional fue mayor en ambientes alterados que en los no alterados. M. minutus presenta dimorfismo sexual en el peso: los machos son más pesados que las hembras.

Fundación del primer bioterio MPF funcional de Colombia / Foundation of a functional pathogen animal facility in Colombia

Cualquier investigación donde se experimente con modelos animales exige que el estado microbiológico y genético de los mismos sea definido desde el principio y verificado periódicamente para garantizar la fiabilidad y certeza de los datos. Buscando producir ratones libres de patógenos murinos en Colombia, se importaron 173 reproductores no emparentados suizos albinos de la cepa ICR que se hospedaron bajo condiciones protocolizadas de aislamiento microbiológico en el Bioterio MPF de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Antioquia. Tras dos años de funcionamiento ininterrumpido, el control microbiológico demostró que los progenitores mantuvieron inalterada la flora con la cual fueron exportados a Colombia, que sus crías portan flora murina idéntica, y que la misma corresponde a la exigida internacionalmente. Diversas pruebas a la integridad de la barrera microbiológica condujeron a la detección y erradicación de un brote infeccioso por Parvovirus murino. El control reproductivo permitió mantener intacta la eterocigocidad de la cepa, denominada Udea:ICR(CD-1).

In order to guarantee the accuracy of the data, experimentation with animal models requires well defined microbiological and genetic statuses with periodical verification. To produce murine pathogen free mice, an outbreeding program was set up by importing 173 non-related Swiss albino ICR breeders that were hosted under strict conditions of microbiological isolation in the animal facilities of the University of Antioquia Medical Faculty. After two years of uninterrupted reproduction, microbiological control demonstrated unaltered murine flora for both parents and offspring, the same with which original breeders were dispatched to Colombia, complying with current international standards. An outbreak of Murine Parvovirus (MPV) was timely detected and erradicated thanks to strict testing of microbiological barriers. The breeding program allowed the production of animals free of genetic contamination.

Protective effect of ischemic preconditioning on liver ischemic-reperfusion injury of liver transplant in rats / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of warm ischemic preconditioning of on liver cold ischemic-reperfusion injury of donor liver in rats. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were used as donors and recipients of orthotopic liver transplantation, the cold ischemia period and anhepatic phase was 120 min and 16～20 min respectively. Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-operation group, liver transplantation group, and ischemic pre-conditioning(IP) group. IP was performed with 5-min ischemia followed by 5-min reperfusion. Results After operation, the serum levels of ALT and superoxide were significantly higher in the groups of liver transplantation and IP group than in the sham-operation group(P

Study on the PKC in signal transduction pathway in hepatocyte ischemic preconditioning / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective To investigate the mechanism of alternation of PKC activify in liver ischemia preconditioning(IP). Methods After establishment of rat liver IP model, PKC inhibitor and activator were utilized to analyze the phosphorylation of PKC and P44/42MAPKs and HSP expression, and cellular structure was also observed. All of the data were statistically analyzed. Results Compared with the control group without IP, the phosphorylation of PKC was significantly increased in IP treated models and PKC activated group(P